{
  "node_id": "budapest-convention-cybercrime-2001",
  "title": "Budapest Convention on Cybercrime 2001 - International Cybercrime Cooperation Treaty (ETS No. 185)",
  "domain": "Cybersecurity",
  "version": "1.0.1",
  "last_updated": "2026-04-30",
  "bluf": "The Convention on Cybercrime (ETS No. 185, Budapest, 23 November 2001) is the first and primary international treaty harmonising cybercrime laws and enabling cross-border cooperation in cybercrime investigations. It entered into force 1 July 2004 and has 68 States party as of 2024, including the US (ratified 2006), Japan, Australia, Canada, Israel, and all EU member states. Chapter II Title 1 (Arts 2-10) defines substantive offences: illegal access (Art 2), illegal interception (Art 3), data interference (Art 4), system interference (Art 5), misuse of devices (Art 6), computer-related forgery (Art 7), computer-related fraud (Art 8), child sexual abuse material (Art 9), copyright offences (Art 10). Chapter II Title 2 (Arts 16-21) establishes procedural powers: expedited preservation of stored data (Art 16, 24-hour response expected), production orders (Art 18), search and seizure (Art 19), real-time collection of traffic data (Art 20), and interception of content data (Art 21). Chapter III (Arts 23-35) governs mutual legal assistance (MLA) including expedited preservation requests (Art 29, 20-day initial window + 40-day extension) and the 24/7 Network (Art 35) for real-time operational assistance. The Second Additional Protocol (CETS 224, 2022) enables direct cooperation with foreign service providers and enhanced joint investigations.",
  "paywall": {
    "status": "LOCKED",
    "unlock_cost_usd": "0.01",
    "skyfire_id": "41779894-ece2-4163-9761-b3b1b76e19b0"
  },
  "crosswalks": {
    "_available_keys": [
      "ISO",
      "NIST",
      "SOC2",
      "GDPR",
      "HIPAA",
      "PCI_DSS",
      "BASEL",
      "FATF",
      "UN_SDG",
      "ILO",
      "UNCITRAL",
      "OECD",
      "WTO",
      "domestic"
    ],
    "_note": "Full crosswalk values included in vault response"
  },
  "dependencies": [
    "vclt-vienna-convention-law-of-treaties-1969",
    "coe-convention-108-plus",
    "echr-1950-european-convention-human-rights",
    "un-iccpr-1966-civil-political-rights"
  ],
  "primary_citations_count": 7
}