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  "title": "Council of Europe Framework Convention on AI, Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law (CETS No. 225)",
  "domain": "AI Governance & Law",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "last_updated": "2026-04-28",
  "bluf": "The Council of Europe's Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law (CETS No. 225), opened for signature on 5 September 2024 in Vilnius, is the world's first legally binding international treaty on AI - it applies to AI systems used in the public sector and private-sector contexts within the jurisdiction of its Parties (EU Member States, the US, UK, Canada, Japan, Israel, and others), requiring Parties to ensure that their domestic legal frameworks guarantee human rights, democracy, and the rule of law when AI systems are used; signatories include Council of Europe member states and non-European observer states, making it the primary binding international AI governance instrument applicable beyond EU borders; the Convention does not impose specific technical standards but requires legal safeguards for transparency, accountability, non-discrimination, privacy, and meaningful redress against AI-related harms.",
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