{
  "node_id": "eu-ai-act-article-51-gpai-systemic-risk-classification",
  "title": "EU AI Act Article 51 - Classification of GPAI Models with Systemic Risk",
  "domain": "AI Governance & Law",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "last_updated": "2026-04-27",
  "bluf": "EU AI Act Regulation 2024/1689 Article 51 establishes that a general-purpose AI model is classified as a GPAI model with systemic risk where it is trained using a total computing power of more than 10^25 floating point operations (FLOPs), that such models are presumed to have systemic risk and are subject to the enhanced obligations under Article 55, that the Commission may update the FLOPs threshold by delegated act after consulting the AI Board, that the AI Office may classify a GPAI model below the threshold as having systemic risk based on qualitative criteria including cross-sector impact, reach of the model, and the degree of autonomy and irreversibility of its outputs, and that providers may rebut the systemic risk presumption by demonstrating to the AI Office that their model does not pose systemic risk.",
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    "skyfire_id": "41779894-ece2-4163-9761-b3b1b76e19b0",
    "l402_paywall_url": "https://bidda.com/api/v1/vault/nodes/eu-ai-act-article-51-gpai-systemic-risk-classification.json"
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  "crosswalks": {
    "_available_keys": [
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    "_note": "Full crosswalk values included in vault response"
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  "dependencies": [
    "eu-ai-act-2024",
    "eu-ai-act-article-53-general-purpose-ai-transparency",
    "eu-ai-act-article-55-systemic-risk-gpai",
    "eu-ai-act-article-56-ai-office"
  ],
  "primary_citations_count": 5
}