{
  "node_id": "eu-directive-2014-23-concession-contracts",
  "title": "EU Directive 2014/23/EU on the award of concession contracts",
  "domain": "Public Sector & Government Procurement",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "last_updated": "2026-06-07",
  "bluf": "Directive 2014/23/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on the award of concession contracts establishes the EU-level framework for awarding works and services concession contracts by contracting authorities and contracting entities. Art. 5 contains the definitions, including the operational risk transfer requirement that distinguishes a concession from a public contract. Art. 8 sets the financial threshold for application of the Directive (currently 5.382 million euro after Regulation 2023/2497, calculated by reference to the estimated total turnover of the concessionaire over the duration of the concession excluding VAT). Art. 18 establishes the principles of equal treatment, non-discrimination, transparency and proportionality, with maximum concession duration of five years unless justified. Arts. 28 and 29 govern technical and functional requirements for concession specifications. Art. 30 establishes general principles of award procedure flexibility while requiring basic guarantees of transparency and equal treatment. Art. 31 governs concession notice publication in the Official Journal. Arts. 37 and 38 cover procedural guarantees and selection criteria. Art. 41 covers award criteria. Art. 42 governs subcontracting. Art. 43 governs modification of contracts during their term. Art. 46 establishes the review and remedy regime by reference to Directive 89/665/EEC.",
  "paywall": {
    "status": "LOCKED",
    "unlock_cost_usd": "0.01",
    "skyfire_id": "41779894-ece2-4163-9761-b3b1b76e19b0"
  },
  "crosswalks": {
    "_available_keys": [
      "nist_framework",
      "iso_standard",
      "industry_mapping",
      "ai_overlay_2026"
    ],
    "_note": "Full crosswalk values included in vault response"
  },
  "dependencies": [
    "eu-directive-2009-81-defence-security-procurement",
    "eu-public-procurement-construction-directive"
  ],
  "primary_citations_count": 11
}