{
  "node_id": "nl-aanbestedingswet-2012",
  "title": "Netherlands Aanbestedingswet 2012 (Public Procurement Act)",
  "domain": "Public Sector & Government Procurement",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "last_updated": "2026-06-07",
  "bluf": "The Aanbestedingswet 2012 is the Dutch Public Procurement Act, in force from 1 April 2013 and substantially amended in 2016 to transpose EU Directives 2014/23/EU, 2014/24/EU and 2014/25/EU. It is structured in Deel 1 (Algemene bepalingen), Deel 2 (Overheidsopdrachten - public contracts), Deel 2a (Concessieopdrachten), Deel 3 (Speciale-sectoropdrachten - utilities) and Deel 4 (Overige bepalingen). Article 1.1 contains the definitions, including aanbestedende dienst (contracting authority), ondernemer (economic operator) and overheidsopdracht (public contract). Article 1.4 establishes that contracting authorities must determine procurement methods and select suppliers on the basis of objective criteria while maximising maatschappelijke waarde (societal value). Article 1.8 requires equal and non-discriminatory treatment of suppliers. Article 1.9 requires transparency. Articles 2.25 to 2.33 govern the procedure types - openbare procedure (open), niet-openbare procedure (restricted), mededingingsprocedure met onderhandeling (competitive procedure with negotiation), concurrentiegerichte dialoog (competitive dialogue) and innovatiepartnerschap (innovation partnership). Article 2.86 lists the mandatory exclusion grounds. Article 2.114 governs award criteria, including the EMVI (Economisch Meest Voordelige Inschrijving - most economically advantageous tender).",
  "paywall": {
    "status": "LOCKED",
    "unlock_cost_usd": "0.01",
    "skyfire_id": "41779894-ece2-4163-9761-b3b1b76e19b0"
  },
  "crosswalks": {
    "_available_keys": [
      "nist_framework",
      "iso_standard",
      "industry_mapping",
      "ai_overlay_2026"
    ],
    "_note": "Full crosswalk values included in vault response"
  },
  "dependencies": [
    "eu-public-procurement-construction-directive",
    "uncitral-model-law-public-procurement-2011"
  ],
  "primary_citations_count": 9
}