{
  "node_id": "wto-agreement-government-procurement-2012-gpa",
  "title": "WTO Agreement on Government Procurement 2012 (Revised GPA)",
  "domain": "Public Sector & Government Procurement",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "last_updated": "2026-04-26",
  "bluf": "The revised WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA 2012), adopted 30 March 2012 and in force since 6 April 2014, is a plurilateral WTO Annex 4 agreement binding 21 WTO Members collectively covering approximately 48 countries. Art II establishes core principles of non-discrimination, national treatment, and most-favoured-nation treatment for covered procurement; Art I (scope) applies to entities listed in Members' Annexes 1-3 (central government, sub-central government, and other covered entities) for goods, services, and construction above threshold values (SDR 130,000 for central government goods and services; SDR 5,000,000 for construction); Art VII prohibits technical specifications that create unnecessary obstacles to international trade; Art XI mandates minimum tender time limits of 25 calendar days; Art XIV permits limited tendering exceptions including single-source and emergency procurement; Art XV requires public notice and post-award transparency; and Art XIX establishes mandatory domestic review procedures for supplier challenges.",
  "paywall": {
    "status": "LOCKED",
    "unlock_cost_usd": "0.01",
    "skyfire_id": "41779894-ece2-4163-9761-b3b1b76e19b0"
  },
  "crosswalks": {
    "_available_keys": [
      "ISO",
      "NIST",
      "SOC2",
      "GDPR",
      "HIPAA",
      "PCI_DSS",
      "BASEL",
      "FATF",
      "UN_SDG",
      "ILO",
      "UNCITRAL",
      "OECD",
      "WTO",
      "domestic"
    ],
    "_note": "Full crosswalk values included in vault response"
  },
  "dependencies": [
    "vclt-vienna-convention-law-of-treaties-1969",
    "wto-tbt-agreement-1995-technical-barriers-trade",
    "wto-anti-dumping-agreement-1994-ada",
    "wto-scm-agreement-1994-subsidies-countervailing"
  ],
  "primary_citations_count": 7
}